| Title |
A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Pain Research, July 2017
|
| DOI | 10.2147/jpr.s134745 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sara M Vambheim, Magne Arve Flaten |
| Abstract |
The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect. A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administered to a natural history group or similar cohort. Eighteen studies were identified - 12 on placebo effects and 6 on nocebo effects. Chi-square tests revealed that 1) males responded more strongly to placebo treatment, and females responded more strongly to nocebo treatment, and 2) males responded with larger placebo effects induced by verbal information, and females responded with larger nocebo effects induced by conditioning procedures. This review indicates that there are sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effects, probably caused by sex differences in stress, anxiety, and the endogenous opioid system. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 18 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | 2 | 11% |
| Italy | 2 | 11% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 6% |
| Canada | 1 | 6% |
| Australia | 1 | 6% |
| Germany | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 10 | 56% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 15 | 83% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 11% |
| Scientists | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 143 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 143 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 31 | 22% |
| Student > Master | 22 | 15% |
| Researcher | 17 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 6% |
| Other | 19 | 13% |
| Unknown | 29 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 29 | 20% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 17% |
| Neuroscience | 17 | 12% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 6% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 7 | 5% |
| Other | 20 | 14% |
| Unknown | 36 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 12. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 01 October 2023.
All research outputs
#3,082,690
of 25,584,565 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Pain Research
#346
of 1,969 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#53,791
of 327,299 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Pain Research
#14
of 59 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,584,565 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 87th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,969 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.3. This one has done well, scoring higher than 82% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 59 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 77% of its contemporaries.