| Title |
Growth hormone doping: a review
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, July 2011
|
| DOI | 10.2147/oajsm.s11626 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ioulietta Erotokritou-Mulligan, Richard IG Holt, Peter H Sönksen |
| Abstract |
The use of growth hormone (GH) as a performance enhancing substance was first promoted in lay publications, long before scientists fully acknowledged its benefits. It is thought athletes currently use GH to enhance their athletic performance and to accelerate the healing of sporting injuries. Over recent years, a number of high profile athletes have admitted to using GH. To date, there is only limited and weak evidence for its beneficial effects on performance. Nevertheless the "hype" around its effectiveness and the lack of a foolproof detection methodology that will detect its abuse longer than 24 hours after the last injection has encouraged its widespread use. This article reviews the current evidence of the ergogenic effects of GH along with the risks associated with its use. The review also examines methodologies, both currently available and in development for detecting its abuse. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Italy | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 85 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 1% |
| Poland | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 83 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 26 | 31% |
| Researcher | 10 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 8 | 9% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 6% |
| Lecturer | 4 | 5% |
| Other | 13 | 15% |
| Unknown | 19 | 22% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 11% |
| Sports and Recreations | 8 | 9% |
| Chemistry | 8 | 9% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 8% |
| Other | 18 | 21% |
| Unknown | 22 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 16. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 31 March 2022.
All research outputs
#1,998,630
of 23,460,553 outputs
Outputs from Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
#54
of 254 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#9,332
of 117,157 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine
#1
of 5 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,460,553 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 91st percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 254 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 15.0. This one has done well, scoring higher than 78% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 117,157 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 5 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than all of them