| Title |
Association between Global Assessment of Functioning scores and indicators of functioning, severity, and prognosis in first-time schizophrenia
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Clinical Epidemiology, September 2016
|
| DOI | 10.2147/clep.s109036 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ole Köhler, Henriette Thisted Horsdal, Lone Baandrup, Ole Mors, Christiane Gasse |
| Abstract |
Assessment of psychosocial functioning in people with schizophrenia is important. The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF-F) scale represents a widely applied, easy, and quick tool, but its validity and reliability have been debated. The aim was to investigate whether GAF-F scores are associated with other indicators of functioning, severity, and hospitalization. A Danish population-based cohort study of adults (≥18 years) with a recorded GAF-F score at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis during 2004-2011 was performed. The internal validity of GAF-F was evaluated by assessing its association with other baseline measures of functioning and illness severity. Risk of schizophrenia hospitalization within 2 years was evaluated using Cox regression stratified by sex and adjusted for age, year of diagnosis, and inpatient/outpatient status at diagnosis. We identified 2,837 cases of schizophrenia with a GAF-F score at first-time diagnosis (73.0% inpatients; 62.6% males). GAF-F was associated with several baseline measures of functioning and illness severity, such as female sex, being in work, and a longer baseline hospitalization. Lower GAF-F scores were associated with higher hospitalization risk among males (reference GAF-F 61-100): GAF-F 51-60: hazard rate ratio (HRR) =1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] =0.89-1.75); GAF-F 41-50: HRR =1.31 (95% CI =0.97-1.77); GAF-F 31-40: HRR =1.36 (95% CI =1.01-1.82); GAF-F 21-30: HRR =1.50 (95% CI =1.09-2.06); and GAF-F 1-20: HRR =2.30 (95% CI =1.36-3.90), fitting a dose-response relationship (P=0.031). This association was not found in females. GAF-F at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis showed good internal validity against other measures of functionality in a Danish hospital setting. Severe impairment (as measured by the GAF-F score) at first-time schizophrenia diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of 2-year hospitalization among males, which may indicate sex differences in the course of disease and treatment response. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 60 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 60 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 8 | 13% |
| Other | 7 | 12% |
| Researcher | 7 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 10% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 8% |
| Other | 9 | 15% |
| Unknown | 18 | 30% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 30% |
| Psychology | 8 | 13% |
| Neuroscience | 7 | 12% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 3% |
| Computer Science | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 5 | 8% |
| Unknown | 19 | 32% |
Attention Score in Context
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#22,759,802
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Outputs of similar age from Clinical Epidemiology
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