| Title |
Electrochemotherapy induces apoptotic death in melanoma metastases: a histologic and immunohistochemical investigation
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, November 2016
|
| DOI | 10.2147/ccid.s115984 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Laura Bigi, Giovanna Galdo, Anna Maria Cesinaro, Cristina Vaschieri, Alessandra Marconi, Carlo Pincelli, Fabrizio Fantini |
| Abstract |
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is increasingly used in the treatment of primary and secondary skin tumors, but little is known about the pathologic mechanism responsible for tumor cell destruction in humans. Knowledge of detailed mechanism of host response after ECT may improve the treatment efficacy related to patient selection and technique refinements. The aim of the study was to investigate the histopathology and mechanism of cell death after ECT in cutaneous melanoma metastases. Skin biopsy specimens were sequentially obtained after ECT of cutaneous melanoma metastases, during a follow-up period of 2 months. Results from histologic evaluation and immunohistochemical characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD56, Granzyme-B) were compared with a panel of apoptosis-related markers. Evidence of the mechanism of tumor cell damage, identification of histological and immunohistochemical signs of apoptosis and/or necrosis underlining a possible time course of tumor destruction and inflammatory reaction after ECT. Early signs of epidermal degeneration, an increase of the inflammatory infiltrate, and initial tumor cell morphological changes were already detected 10 min after ECT. The cell damage progression, as demonstrated by histological and immunohistochemical evidence using apoptotic markers (TUNEL and caspase-3 staining), reached a climax 3 days after treatment, to continue until 10 days after. Scarring fibrosis and complete absence of tumor cells were observed in the late biopsy specimens. A rich inflammatory infiltrate with a prevalence of T-cytotoxic CD3/CD8-positive cells was detected 3 h after ECT and was still appreciable 3 months later. This study attempts to define the time course and characteristics of tumor response to ECT. The observations suggest both a direct necrotic cell damage and a rapid activation of apoptotic mechanisms that occur in the early phases of the cutaneous reaction to ECT. A persistent immune response of T-cytotoxic lymphocytes could possibly explain the long-term local tumor control. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 29 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 29 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 4 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 10% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 5 | 17% |
| Unknown | 7 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 31% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 17% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 3 | 10% |
| Psychology | 1 | 3% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 7% |
| Unknown | 8 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 November 2016.
All research outputs
#23,154,082
of 25,806,080 outputs
Outputs from Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
#819
of 920 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#279,441
of 319,017 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology
#18
of 18 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,806,080 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 18 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.