Title |
The use of concentrated heat after insect bites/stings as an alternative to reduce swelling, pain, and pruritus: an open cohort-study at German beaches and bathing-lakes
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Published in |
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, December 2011
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DOI | 10.2147/ccid.s27825 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Christian Müller, Beatrice Großjohann, Lutz Fischer |
Abstract |
Swelling, pain, and pruritus are the most relevant symptoms after insect bites/stings. Glucocorticoids and antihistamines are well established in insect sting treatment. Bite Away(®) is a CE-certified medical device of class 2A (noninvasive device intended for administration to the body, which exchanges energy with the patient in a therapeutic manner) to reduce swelling, pruritus, and pain after insect bites/stings via non-invasive administration of concentrated heat to the skin. We therefore performed a prospective, non-interventional, single-arm cohort study with 146 volunteers using the visual analog scale (VAS) for insect bites/stings to study the reduction of swelling, pruritus, and pain. Demographic data, time from insect sting to treatment, number and duration of administrations of concentrated heat, relevant symptoms, and the development of a VAS score of swelling, pruritus, and pain on baseline, after 2, 5, and 10 minutes after administration, were registered. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 109 | 18% |
United States | 23 | 4% |
United Kingdom | 6 | <1% |
Comoros | 2 | <1% |
South Africa | 2 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
China | 2 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 2 | <1% |
Other | 21 | 3% |
Unknown | 431 | 72% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 583 | 97% |
Scientists | 13 | 2% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | <1% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | <1% |
Unknown | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Turkey | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 26 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 22% |
Student > Master | 5 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 15% |
Other | 4 | 15% |
Researcher | 3 | 11% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 3 | 11% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 30% |
Engineering | 4 | 15% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 11% |
Physics and Astronomy | 2 | 7% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Other | 5 | 19% |
Unknown | 4 | 15% |