Title |
Cerebral malaria: insight into pathogenesis, complications and molecular biomarkers
|
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Published in |
Infection and Drug Resistance, February 2017
|
DOI | 10.2147/idr.s125436 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Farah Hafiz Yusuf, Muhammad Yusuf Hafiz, Maria Shoaib, Syed Ahsanuddin Ahmed |
Abstract |
Cerebral malaria is a medical emergency. All patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria with neurologic manifestations of any degree should be urgently treated as cases of cerebral malaria. Pathogenesis of cerebral malaria is due to damaged vascular endothelium by parasite sequestration, inflammatory cytokine production and vascular leakage, which result in brain hypoxia, as indicated by increased lactate and alanine concentrations. The levels of the biomarkers' histidine-rich protein II, angiopoietin-Tie-2 system and plasma osteoprotegrin serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. Brain imaging may show neuropathology around the caudate and putamen. Mortality is high and patients who survive sustain brain injury which manifests as long-term neurocognitive impairments. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 136 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 16% |
Student > Master | 13 | 10% |
Researcher | 11 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 8% |
Student > Postgraduate | 9 | 7% |
Other | 24 | 18% |
Unknown | 46 | 34% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 35 | 26% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 14 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 10 | 7% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 4% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 2% |
Other | 17 | 13% |
Unknown | 51 | 38% |