Title |
Neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis
|
---|---|
Published in |
Eye and Brain, March 2012
|
DOI | 10.2147/eb.s29401 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Robert P Baughman, Kenneth L Weiss, Karl C Golnik |
Abstract |
Neuro-ophthalmic disease occurs in about a third of patients with neurosarcoidosis. Optic nerve involvement is the most common manifestation, but other cranial nerves and the optic chiasm can be involved. However, there are several other common diseases that cause optic neuropathy, including multiple sclerosis. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis can often be made based on the multi-organ nature of the disease and ancillary testing. Most patients with neuro-ophthalmic sarcoidosis require systemic therapy. While corticosteroids are usually the first step in therapy, cytotoxic agents such as methotrexate and azathioprine have been useful as steroid-sparing agents for chronic disease. The monoclonal antibodies directed against tumor necrosis factor have been reported as effective in refractory cases of neuro-ophthalmic disease. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Kuwait | 1 | 50% |
Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 25 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Other | 3 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 12% |
Researcher | 3 | 12% |
Professor | 2 | 8% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 8% |
Other | 4 | 16% |
Unknown | 8 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 9 | 36% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Unknown | 12 | 48% |