Title |
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in untreated Parkinson’s disease
|
---|---|
Published in |
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, March 2017
|
DOI | 10.2147/ndt.s130997 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Szabolcs Szatmari, Ben Min-Woo Illigens, Timo Siepmann, Alexandra Pinter, Annamaria Takats, Daniel Bereczki |
Abstract |
Neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD) and may precede and exceed motor symptoms as major factors impacting disease course and quality of life. Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in PD are various and are attributed to pathologic changes within multiple brain regions, to psychological stress, and to adverse effects of dopamine replacement therapy. Sleep disorders and mood symptoms such as apathy, depression, and anxiety may antedate the development of motor symptoms by years, while other NPS such as impulse control disorders, psychosis, and cognitive impairment are more common in later stages of the disease. Few studies report on NPS in the early, untreated phase of PD. We reviewed the current literature on NPS in PD with a focus on the early, drug-naive stages of PD. Among these early disease stages, premotor and early motor phases were separately addressed in our review, highlighting the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms as well as epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, risk factors, and available techniques of clinical assessment. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 95 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 14% |
Student > Master | 13 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 14% |
Researcher | 10 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 9% |
Other | 14 | 15% |
Unknown | 24 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 22 | 23% |
Psychology | 16 | 17% |
Neuroscience | 10 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 4% |
Other | 10 | 10% |
Unknown | 30 | 31% |