| Title |
Impact of ovarian function on cardiovascular health in women: focus on hypertension
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
International Journal of Women's Health, January 2014
|
| DOI | 10.2147/ijwh.s38084 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Christine Maric-Bilkan, Emily L Gilbert, Michael J Ryan |
| Abstract |
Arterial blood pressure levels and the prevalence of hypertension are generally lower in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men. The lower blood pressure levels in premenopausal women are associated with a lower risk of the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. In contrast, menopause, a state characterized by a physiologic reduction in ovarian hormone levels, is associated with progressive increases in blood pressure and an overall increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. These observations suggest an association between blood pressure regulation and changes in ovarian hormone levels, estrogens in particular. In addition to menopause, the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease is also dramatically increased in premenopausal women with chronic diseases such as diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus. Studies suggest that these chronic diseases may be associated with an imbalance in ovarian hormones, which may explain the increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in these women. However, the use of hormone therapy to manage the risk and prevent the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in women remains controversial. The precise mechanisms by which estrogens contribute to the regulation of blood pressure are still not completely understood. However, accumulating evidence suggests that modulating the activity of locally active hormone systems is one of the major mechanisms by which estrogens exert their effects on target organs, including the vasculature, kidneys, and immune system. In particular, the interaction between estrogens and the renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular function in both humans and experimental models. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate blood pressure and the potential use of hormone therapy in prevention of hypertension and consequent cardiovascular risk. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 74 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 73 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 18% |
| Student > Master | 12 | 16% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 12% |
| Researcher | 8 | 11% |
| Professor | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 11 | 15% |
| Unknown | 16 | 22% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 16 | 22% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 8% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 5% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 5% |
| Other | 13 | 18% |
| Unknown | 25 | 34% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 February 2014.
All research outputs
#20,823,121
of 25,584,565 outputs
Outputs from International Journal of Women's Health
#671
of 850 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#244,225
of 320,237 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal of Women's Health
#18
of 21 outputs
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