| Title |
Confocal laser scanning microscopy to estimate nanoparticles’ human skin penetration in vitro
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
International Journal of Nanomedicine, October 2017
|
| DOI | 10.2147/ijn.s139139 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ying Zou, Anna Celli, Hanjiang Zhu, Akram Elmahdy, Yachao Cao, Xiaoying Hui, Howard Maibach |
| Abstract |
With rapid development of nanotechnology, there is increasing interest in nanoparticle (NP) application and its safety and efficacy on human skin. In this study, we utilized confocal laser scanning microscopy to estimate NP skin penetration. Three different-sized polystyrene NPs marked with red fluorescence were applied to human skin, and Calcium Green 5N was used as a counterstain. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethanol were used as alternative vehicles for NPs. Tape stripping was utilized as a barrier-damaged skin model. Skin biopsies dosed with NPs were incubated at 4°C or 37°C for 24 hours and imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. NPs were localized in the stratum corneum (SC) and hair follicles without penetrating the epidermis/dermis. Barrier alteration with tape stripping and change in incubation temperature did not induce deeper penetration. DMSO enhanced NP SC penetration but ethanol did not. Except with DMSO vehicle, these hydrolyzed polystyrene NPs did not penetrate intact or barrier-damaged human "viable" epidermis. For further clinical relevance, in vivo human skin studies and more sensitive analytic chemical methodology are suggested. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 55 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 55 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 31% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 9% |
| Researcher | 5 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 7% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 7% |
| Other | 7 | 13% |
| Unknown | 13 | 24% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 9 | 16% |
| Chemistry | 6 | 11% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 8 | 15% |
| Unknown | 21 | 38% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 November 2017.
All research outputs
#22,764,772
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from International Journal of Nanomedicine
#3,598
of 4,122 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#291,092
of 331,218 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal of Nanomedicine
#79
of 91 outputs
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We're also able to compare this research output to 91 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.