Title |
Parkinson's disease: carbidopa, nausea, and dyskinesia
|
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Published in |
Clinical Pharmacology : Advances and Applications, November 2014
|
DOI | 10.2147/cpaa.s72234 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marty Hinz, Alvin Stein, Ted Cole |
Abstract |
When l-dopa use began in the early 1960s for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, nausea and reversible dyskinesias were experienced as continuing side effects. Carbidopa or benserazide was added to l-dopa in 1975 solely to control nausea. Subsequent to the increasing use of carbidopa has been the recognition of irreversible dyskinesias, which have automatically been attributed to l-dopa. The research into the etiology of these phenomena has identified the causative agent of the irreversible dyskinesias as carbidopa, not l-dopa. The mechanism of action of the carbidopa and benserazide causes irreversible binding and inactivation of vitamin B6 throughout the body. The consequences of this action are enormous, interfering with over 300 enzyme and protein functions. This has the ability to induce previously undocumented profound antihistamine dyskinesias, which have been wrongly attributed to l-dopa and may be perceived as irreversible if proper corrective action is not taken. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 54 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 13 | 24% |
Student > Master | 9 | 16% |
Researcher | 7 | 13% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 7% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 5% |
Other | 9 | 16% |
Unknown | 10 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 14 | 25% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 11% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 9% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 7% |
Other | 8 | 15% |
Unknown | 13 | 24% |