| Title |
Transdermal delivery of combined hormonal contraception: a review of the current literature
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
International Journal of Women's Health, May 2017
|
| DOI | 10.2147/ijwh.s102306 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Rosanna M Galzote, Sally Rafie, Rachel Teal, Sheila K Mody |
| Abstract |
The transdermal patch provides an effective and convenient option for hormonal contraception. The patch currently on the US market contains 150 µg norelgestromin and 35 µg ethinylestradiol (EE). The 20 cm(2) patch is applied once weekly for 3 weeks, followed by a patch-free week, for a 21-7 cycle. Typical failure rates are similar to that of combined oral contraceptives (COCs). Transdermal delivery results in less peaks and troughs of estrogen, but a higher total estrogen exposure compared with COCs. Though studies show mixed results, the risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE) is about twice as high with the patch as with COCs; however, the absolute risk of VTE remains low. The side effect profile is similar to that of COCs, with slightly higher rates of breast tenderness plus a unique adverse effect of application site reactions. Two new patches have been developed, one containing gestodene and EE in Europe and another containing levonorgestrel and EE. Overall, the patch provides an alternative to COCs for women who want autonomy and the benefit of not needing to take a pill daily, with similar efficacy and tolerability. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Colombia | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 118 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 118 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 24 | 20% |
| Researcher | 16 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 15 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 7% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 11 | 9% |
| Unknown | 40 | 34% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 20 | 17% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 18 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 7% |
| Engineering | 6 | 5% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 14 | 12% |
| Unknown | 48 | 41% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 April 2023.
All research outputs
#6,894,620
of 24,962,233 outputs
Outputs from International Journal of Women's Health
#279
of 860 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#100,969
of 316,347 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal of Women's Health
#14
of 25 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,962,233 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 72nd percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 860 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.2. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 66% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 316,347 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 67% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 25 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 48th percentile – i.e., 48% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.