| Title |
Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in two tertiary care hospitals in Shandong Province, China
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Infection and Drug Resistance, April 2018
|
| DOI | 10.2147/idr.s152724 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ying Luo, Wen Zhang, Jing-Wei Cheng, Meng Xiao, Gui-Rong Sun, Cheng-Jie Guo, Ming-Jun Liu, Pei-Shan Cong, Timothy Kudinha |
| Abstract |
The incidence and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) have markedly increased over the past decade. However, there is very limited epidemiological data on CDI in China so far, specifically no data in Shandong Province. The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic algorithm for CDI and to gain data on molecular epidemiology of CDI in the Shandong Province of China. Nonrepetitive unformed fecal specimens (n=504) were investigated by the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), C. difficile toxin A&B (CDAB) tests and toxigenic culture. Furthermore, 85 isolates were characterized by toxin gene detection, multilocus sequence typing, ribotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The algorithm of combining GDH and CDAB tests could define diagnosis of 54.2% CDI cases and excluded 90% of non-CDI. Further adding the toxigenic culture to the algorithm enhanced the detection sensitivity to 100%. Toxigenic strains comprised 84.7% of isolates, including A+B+CDT- (71.8%, 61/85), A-B+CDT- (11.8%, 10/85) and A+B+CDT+ (1.2%, 1/85) isolates. RT046/ST35 (13.9%, 10/72), RT014/ST2 (12.5%, 9/72) and RT017/ST37 (12.5%, 9/72) were the more common genotypes among toxigenic C. difficile strains. The clinical severity score of A-B+CDT- toxin genes genotype (3.50±0.85) was significantly higher than the A+B+CDT- type (2.59±0.93) (P<0.05). RT046/ST35 isolates were highly prevalent and had high clinical severity scores (3.80±0.92). Variations in resistance from different sequence types (STs) were observed. Toxigenic strains showed higher resistance rates to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin compared to nontoxigenic strains (P<0.05). The epidemiology of C. difficile in Shandong Province differed from other regions in China. Comprehensive optimized diagnosis strategy and continuous surveillance should be established and applied in order to curb the spread of toxigenic C. difficile strains, especially for hospitalized patients. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 27 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 27 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Other | 4 | 15% |
| Researcher | 4 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 3 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 7% |
| Lecturer | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 7 | 26% |
| Unknown | 5 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 19% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 15% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 11% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 7% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 9 | 33% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 April 2018.
All research outputs
#15,504,780
of 23,041,514 outputs
Outputs from Infection and Drug Resistance
#735
of 1,688 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#210,729
of 330,195 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Infection and Drug Resistance
#20
of 42 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,041,514 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 22nd percentile – i.e., 22% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,688 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.9. This one is in the 45th percentile – i.e., 45% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 330,195 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 27th percentile – i.e., 27% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 42 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 40th percentile – i.e., 40% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.