| Title |
Expression of pyruvate kinase M2 in human bladder cancer and its correlation with clinical parameters and prognosis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
OncoTargets and therapy, April 2018
|
| DOI | 10.2147/ott.s152999 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Changkun Huang, Zhichao Huang, Peiming Bai, Guangcheng Luo, Xiaokun Zhao, Xinjun Wang |
| Abstract |
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key regulator of the Warburg effect and has critical functions in glycolysis, contributing to the Warburg effect, tumor growth, angiogenesis, cell division, metastasis, and apoptosis. The high expression of PKM2 in various solid tumors renders it a potential biomarker of tumorigenesis and tumor invasion, but the expression and role of PKM2 in bladder cancer have not been studied extensively. Western blot and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to measure the expression of PKM2, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine PKM2 mRNA levels. The relationships between PKM2 expression and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plots and a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Compared with paired adjacent normal bladder tissues, PKM2 mRNA and protein levels were found to be higher in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) samples by real-time PCR and Western blot. By IHC, high expression of PKM2 was seen in 117 of 215 UCBs (54.4%) and in eight of 90 adjacent normal bladder tissues (8.9%). The expression of PKM2 was significantly associated with grade, stage, and lymph node status (P<0.001). In the univariate survival analysis, a significant association between PKM2 expression and shorter patient survival was observed (P<0.001). In different subsets of UCB patients, we found that PKM2 expression was a prognostic factor in patients with G2 (P=0.009), G3 (P<0.001), pTa/pTis (P=0.006), pT1, pT2-4, and pN- disease (P<0.001). Importantly, PKM2 expression (P=0.003), with tumor histological grade (P<0.001), pT (P<0.001), and pN status (P=0.005), was a significant independent prognostic parameter in the multivariate analysis. PKM2 protein and mRNA are upregulated in UCBs and may serve as molecular markers for a poor prognosis in patients with UCB. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 29 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 29 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 21% |
| Researcher | 5 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 10% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 2 | 7% |
| Librarian | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 7% |
| Unknown | 10 | 34% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 31% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 14% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 7% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 7% |
| Social Sciences | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 1 | 3% |
| Unknown | 10 | 34% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 17 April 2018.
All research outputs
#15,745,807
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from OncoTargets and therapy
#838
of 3,016 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#192,141
of 343,807 outputs
Outputs of similar age from OncoTargets and therapy
#32
of 104 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,382,440 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 37th percentile – i.e., 37% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,016 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 2.9. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 70% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 104 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its contemporaries.