Julie A Womack, Gina Novick, Joseph L Goulet

While extensive research has explored pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretroviral therapy and hormonal contraception, few studies have examined whether these interactions affect clinical outcomes. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review of the literature that describes hormonal contraceptive among HIV infected women who also antiretroviral therapy, focusing on papers that address clinically important outcomes such as pregnancy or ovulation. An electronic literature search was conducted of PUBMED and OVID to identify all articles that addressed hormonal contraception co-administered with antiretroviral therapy published in English between 01 January 1990 and 30 October 2014. In addition, manual reference checks of all articles of interest were conducted to identify articles not captured in the electronic search. Our search criteria identified 405 records. The title and abstract of data reports retrieved via the search were reviewed to identify potential articles of interest. Those with any indication of the main outcomes of interest were considered for inclusion (N=162). Abstracts were then reviewed to identify those manuscripts that would merit a review of the full text version (N=64). Eight articles that addressed the outcomes of interest were identified. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of these articles. The studies reviewed were limited in a number of ways that precluded their providing a rigorous assessment of the efficacy of contraception when co-administered with antiretroviral therapy. None of the studies were of adequate quality to provide the guidance that providers and HIV infected women need when considering contraceptive options. High quality, well-powered studies are required to address the efficacy of hormonal contraception when co-administered with antiretroviral therapy.