Title |
Papilledema: epidemiology, etiology, and clinical management
|
---|---|
Published in |
Eye and Brain, August 2015
|
DOI | 10.2147/eb.s69174 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Mohammed Rigi, Sumayya J Almarzouqi, Michael L Morgan, Andrew G Lee |
Abstract |
Papilledema is optic disc swelling due to high intracranial pressure. Possible conditions causing high intracranial pressure and papilledema include intracerebral mass lesions, cerebral hemorrhage, head trauma, meningitis, hydrocephalus, spinal cord lesions, impairment of cerebral sinus drainage, anomalies of the cranium, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). Irrespective of the cause, visual loss is the feared morbidity of papilledema, and the main mechanism of optic nerve damage is intraneuronal ischemia secondary to axoplasmic flow stasis. Treatment is directed at correcting the underlying cause. In cases where there is no other identifiable cause for intracranial hypertension (ie, IIH) the available options include both medical and surgical modalities. Weight loss and diuretics remain the mainstays for treatment of IIH, and surgery is typically reserved for patients who fail, are intolerant to, or non-compliant with maximum medical therapy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Tunisia | 1 | 20% |
United States | 1 | 20% |
Egypt | 1 | 20% |
Unknown | 2 | 40% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 80% |
Members of the public | 1 | 20% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 294 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 57 | 19% |
Student > Master | 25 | 9% |
Other | 21 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 17 | 6% |
Student > Postgraduate | 15 | 5% |
Other | 37 | 13% |
Unknown | 122 | 41% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 112 | 38% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 22 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 14 | 5% |
Engineering | 6 | 2% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | <1% |
Other | 8 | 3% |
Unknown | 130 | 44% |