| Title |
Preparation and characterization of anti-HIV nanodrug targeted to microfold cell of gut-associated lymphoid tissue
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
International Journal of Nanomedicine, September 2015
|
| DOI | 10.2147/ijn.s68348 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Upal Roy, Hong Ding, Sudheesh Pilakka-Kanthikeel, Andrea D Raymond, Venkata Atluri, Adriana Yndart, Elena M Kaftanovskaya, Elena Batrakova, Marisela Agudelo, Madhavan Nair |
| Abstract |
The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) still remains one of the leading life-threatening diseases in the world. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced disease morbidity and mortality. However, most of the drugs have variable penetrance into viral reservoir sites, including gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Being the largest lymphoid organ, GALT plays a key role in early HIV infection and host-pathogen interaction. Many different treatment options have been proposed to eradicate the virus from GALT. However, it becomes difficult to deliver traditional drugs to the GALT because of its complex physiology. In this regard, we developed a polymer-based Pluronic nanocarrier containing anti-HIV drug called efavirenz (EFV) targeting Microfold cells (M-cells) in the GALT. M-cells are specialized epithelial cells that are predominantly present in the GALT. In this work, we have exploited this paracellular transport property of M-cells for targeted delivery of Pluronic nanocarrier tagged EFV, bioconjugated with anti-M-cell-specific antibodies to the GALT (nanodrug). Preliminary characterization showed that the nanodrug (EFV-F12-COOH) is of 140 nm size with 0.3 polydispersion index, and the zeta potential of the particles was -19.38±2.2 mV. Further, drug dissolution study has shown a significantly improved sustained release over free drugs. Binding potential of nanodrug with M-cell was also confirmed with fluorescence microscopy and in vitro uptake and release studies. The anti-HIV activity of the nanodrug was also significantly higher compared to that of free drug. This novel formulation was able to show sustained release of EFV and inhibit the HIV-1 infection in the GALT compared to the free drug. The present study has potential for our in vivo targeted nanodrug delivery system by combining traditional enteric-coated capsule technique via oral administration. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 56 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 56 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 11 | 20% |
| Researcher | 9 | 16% |
| Unspecified | 7 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 9% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 7% |
| Other | 11 | 20% |
| Unknown | 9 | 16% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unspecified | 7 | 13% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 7 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 7% |
| Other | 11 | 20% |
| Unknown | 15 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 22 September 2015.
All research outputs
#14,915,133
of 25,374,917 outputs
Outputs from International Journal of Nanomedicine
#1,586
of 4,123 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#131,556
of 276,789 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal of Nanomedicine
#45
of 154 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,374,917 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 40th percentile – i.e., 40% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 4,123 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.7. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 59% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 276,789 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 51% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 154 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its contemporaries.