Title |
Neuroimmune endocrine effects of antidepressants
|
---|---|
Published in |
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, February 2012
|
DOI | 10.2147/ndt.s16409 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marco Antonioli, Joanna Rybka, Livia A Carvalho |
Abstract |
Antidepressant pharmacotherapy is to date the most often used treatment for depression, but the exact mechanism of action underlying its therapeutic effect is still unclear. Many theories have been put forward to account for depression, as well as antidepressant activity, but none of them is exhaustive. Neuroimmune endocrine impairment is found in depressed patients; high levels of circulating corticosteroids along with hyperactivation of the immune system, high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, low levels of melatonin in plasma and urine, and disentrainment of circadian rhythms have been demonstrated. Moreover, antidepressant treatment seems to correct or at least to interfere with these alterations. In this review, we summarize the complex neuroimmune endocrine and chronobiological alterations found in patients with depression and how these systems interact with each other. We also explain how antidepressant therapy can modify these systems, along with some possible mechanisms of action shown in animal and human models. |
X Demographics
As of 1 July 2024, you may notice a temporary increase in the numbers of X profiles with Unknown location. Click here to learn more.
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Mexico | 1 | 1% |
Spain | 1 | 1% |
Poland | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 95 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 20% |
Student > Master | 17 | 17% |
Researcher | 13 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 10% |
Other | 9 | 9% |
Other | 15 | 15% |
Unknown | 15 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 25% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 18% |
Psychology | 17 | 17% |
Neuroscience | 8 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 5 | 5% |
Other | 6 | 6% |
Unknown | 20 | 20% |