Title |
Sleep paralysis in medieval Persia – the Hidayat of Akhawayni (? –983 AD)
|
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Published in |
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, June 2012
|
DOI | 10.2147/ndt.s28231 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Samad EJ Golzari, Kazem Khodadoust, Farid Alakbarli, Kamyar Ghabili, Ziba Islambulchilar, Mohammadali M Shoja, Majid Khalili, Feridoon Abbasnejad, Niloufar Sheikholeslamzadeh, Nasrollah Moghaddam Shahabi, Seyed Fazel Hosseini, Khalil Ansarin |
Abstract |
Among the first three manuscripts written in Persian, Akhawayni's Hidayat al-muta'allemin fi al-tibb was the most significant work compiled in the 10th century. Along with the hundreds of chapters on hygiene, anatomy, physiology, symptoms and treatments of the diseases of various organs, there is a chapter on sleep paralysis (night-mare) prior to description and treatment of epilepsy. The present article is a review of the Akhawayni's teachings on sleep paralysis and of descriptions and treatments of sleep paralysis by the Greek, medieval, and Renaissance scholars. Akhawayni's descriptions along with other early writings provide insight into sleep paralysis during the Middle Ages in general and in Persia in particular. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Canada | 1 | 25% |
United States | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 2 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 3 | 75% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Mexico | 1 | 2% |
Italy | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 42 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Bachelor | 7 | 16% |
Researcher | 5 | 11% |
Other | 5 | 11% |
Student > Master | 4 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 9% |
Other | 9 | 20% |
Unknown | 10 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 34% |
Psychology | 6 | 14% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 9% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 7% |
Social Sciences | 3 | 7% |
Other | 3 | 7% |
Unknown | 10 | 23% |